Monday, January 26, 2026

Solar Cycle 25 - Strong Flare Erupts From Sun - UNIVERSE

Strong Flare Erupts From Sun

The Sun emitted a strong solar flare, peaking at 1:09 p.m. EST on Jan. 18, 2026. NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory, which watches the Sun constantly, captured video of the event. 

NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured this video of a solar flare — visible as a bright flash near the center left of the Sun — on Jan. 18, 2026. The video opens with observations from the spacecraft’s Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 131-angstrom wavelength channel, which captures a narrow band of extreme ultraviolet light that highlights the extremely hot material in solar flares. This view is colorized in teal. The timestamp in the upper right is shown in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is five hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time. In the second part of the video, the flare is shown simultaneously in three wavelengths, from left to right: 131, 171, and 304 angstroms. These channels are colorized in teal, gold, and red, respectively. The video ends with a full screen view of the AIA 171-angstrom channel.

<em>NASA/SDO</em>

Solar flares are powerful bursts of energy. Flares and solar eruptions can impact radio communications, electric power grids, navigation signals, and pose risks to spacecraft and astronauts.    

This flare is classified as an X1.9 flare. X-class denotes the most intense flares, while the number provides more information about its strength.

To see how such space weather may affect Earth, please visit NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center https://spaceweather.gov/, the U.S. government’s official source for space weather forecasts, watches, warnings, and alerts. NASA works as a research arm of the nation’s space weather effort. NASA observes the Sun and our space environment constantly with a fleet of spacecraft that study everything from the Sun’s activity to the solar atmosphere, and to the particles and magnetic fields in the space surrounding Earth. 

Source: Strong Flare Erupts From Sun - NASA Science 

High-performance solar evaporator rapidly transforms seawater into fresh drinking water - Energy & Green Tech - Hi Tech & Innovation

a) Schematic illustration of photogenerated charges and recombination processes in normal spinel oxide and ternary spinel oxide. b) Schematic description of solar evaporation system and c) Scalable floating device for seawater purification. Credit: Advanced Materials (2025). DOI: 10.1002/adma.202517285

A research team affiliated with UNIST has unveiled a new technology that can convert seawater into clean drinking water using only sunlight, without any external power source. This breakthrough could play a crucial role in solving water shortages in developing countries and remote island communities where electricity is often unavailable.

Led by Professor Ji-Hyun Jang from the School of Energy and Chemical Engineering at UNIST, the team developed a ternary oxide-based evaporator capable of efficiently using solar energy to drive evaporation. When placed on seawater, the device heats the water, causing it to evaporate and then condense into fresh drinking water—all without needing electricity.

Their experiments showed that a 1-square-meter (1 m²) setup can produce about 4.1 liters of clean water in just one hour. That is nearly seven times the natural evaporation rate of seawater, making it the fastest oxide-based evaporator reported so far.

The study "Scalable Solar Evaporator Based on Bandgap Engineered CuMnCrO4 Spinel Oxide with Salt-Resistant Property for Contaminated Seawater" was published online in Advanced Materials on December 16.

How the new material works

What makes this possible is a new kind of photothermal material—substances that absorb sunlight and convert it into heat. This material is coated onto the surface of the evaporator, enhancing its ability to turn sunlight into thermal energy.

The researchers achieved this by replacing parts of manganese in a corrosion-resistant manganese oxide with copper and chromium, creating a new ternary oxide. By carefully adjusting the material's composition through a process called bandgap engineering, they made it capable of absorbing almost the entire solar spectrum—from ultraviolet to near-infrared light—covering 97.2% of sunlight. Unlike typical oxide materials that mainly absorb visible light, this new material captures and converts a much broader range of sunlight into heat.

The result is a surface temperature that can reach up to 80°C, significantly higher than previous manganese oxide-based materials, which topped out around 63°C or 74°C with copper-manganese oxides.

Innovative design prevents salt buildup

The device's design also addresses a common challenge in solar desalination: salt buildup. It features an inverted U-shape, with a photothermal coating on the part that absorbs water. The structure includes water-wicking fiber materials and hydrophobic polyester fabric, which help draw water efficiently and allow salt ions to flow away, preventing salt accumulation on the surface.

Professor Jang explained, "We have fundamentally improved the light absorption range and the photothermal efficiency of oxide materials, which allowed us to develop a high-performance, durable evaporator. Its scalability and stability mean it could be a practical solution to real-world water shortages." 

Source: High-performance solar evaporator rapidly transforms seawater into fresh drinking water