There is currently a semi-circular quiescent filament suspended above the solar surface along the magnetic inversion line; between magnetic regions of opposite polarity. The magnetogram shows the surface distribution/polarity of the magnetic fields: the black areas are regions of ‘south’ magnetic polarity, and the white regions ‘north’ polarity.
The term magnetogram refers to a pictorial representation of the spatial variations in strength of the solar magnetic field. Magnetograms are often produced by exploiting the Zeeman effect (or, in some cases, the Hanle effect), which George Ellery Hale employed in the first demonstration that sunspots were magnetic in origin, in 1908.
References:https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/sdo-hmi-magnetogram/
https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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