The function of a neuron is to transmit information within the nervous system. Neural transmission occurs when a neuron is activated, or fired (sends out an electrical impulse). Activation (firing) of the neuron takes place when the neuron is stimulated by pressure, heat, light, or chemical information from other cells. The type of stimulation necessary to produce firing depends on the type of neuron.
The fluid inside a neuron is separated from that outside by a polarized cell membrane that contains electrically charged particles known as ions. When a neuron is sufficiently stimulated to reach the neural threshold (a level of stimulation below which the cell does not fire), depolarization, or a change in cell potential, occurs.
The term potential refers to a difference in electrical charges. Neurons have two types of potentials, a resting potential and an action potential. The neural threshold must be reached before a change from resting to action potential occurs
Read & learn:https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/psychology/psychology/psychology-biological-bases-of-behavior/neural-transmission
http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.php
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